At every stage of a dispute, results-driven strategic representation.

Not automatically. Turkish courts have generally accepted that de facto reciprocity exists with Germany, so a German judgment that meets the conditions can be enforced by a Turkish court — but reciprocity is assessed case by case under Article 54 of the Act on Private International and Procedural Law (MÖHUK No. 5718). The judgment must be final, the defendant’s defence rights must have been respected, and it must no…

Enforcement of a foreign arbitral award in Türkiye runs under the 1958 New York Convention, to which Türkiye is a party; where a case falls outside the Convention, the provisions of the Act on Private International and Procedural Law (MÖHUK, No. 5718) apply instead.The basic conditions are a valid arbitration agreement in writing, respect for the parties’ rights of defence and to equal treatment, an award that has b…

There is no single figure. It depends on the court’s caseload, on the objections the other side raises, and on how complete your document set is. The most common cause of delay is entirely within your control: the foreign judgment not being submitted from the outset with its proper certification (apostille) and sworn translations.With a well-prepared file — including the certificate that the judgment is final and th…

An enforcement decision gives the foreign judgment the force of a Turkish court judgment, and you collect on it through judgment-based execution proceedings. Those run through the enforcement office under the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law (İİK, No. 2004): an execution order is served on the debtor, and if payment is not made the file moves into compulsory execution.At that stage attachment can be applied to the deb…

They are both interim protection, but they serve different kinds of claim. A preliminary attachment secures the collection of a monetary claim — or a claim for security — by seizing the debtor’s assets, and it can be obtained before an action or enforcement proceedings have even been started. It sits in the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law (İİK, No. 2004).A preliminary injunction applies to everything that is not a mo…

Where a matter is genuinely urgent and delay carries real risk, a court can decide an injunction application on the papers, without hearing the other side, on the same day or within a few days. That speed comes from the injunction provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (HMK, No. 6100), which allow an injunction to be granted on approximate proof of the right rather than on full proof of it.Three things decide whe…

As a rule, yes. When granting an interim injunction the court requires security to cover any loss the other side or third parties may suffer if the injunction turns out to have been unjustified. That follows from the injunction provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (No. 6100).The amount is set by the court according to the nature of the claim and the size of the possible loss. Security can be deposited in cash,…